“Little boy crying” by Mervin Morris Essay

Mervin Morris writes â€Å"Little boy crying† making reference to the relationship between a kid and an adult, who in this case is his father. Throughout the poem different feelings and emotions are expressed, not only of the child but also of the man. The little boy turned his â€Å"recently relaxed† face into â€Å"tight† because of that â€Å"quick slap struck† his â€Å"guilty† father gave him. But despite the fact that the kid took his father as a â€Å"grim giant† because of hitting him, this man’s intention was not to make him suffer of pain or anything like that; it was just an unwanted but necessary little punishment, perhaps for a prank or misbehaviour. In fact the father felt â€Å"guilty† and full of â€Å"sorrow†. Mervin introduces an allegory of a rather famous story called: â€Å"Jack and the beanstalk†. The child imagined his father as an â€Å"ogre†, who climbed a huge tree. â€Å"He hates him†. He imagined himself â€Å"chopping clean the tree he’s scrambling down or plotting deeper pits to trap him†, as it happens in â€Å"Jack and the beanstalk†. The relationship between the â€Å"three-year-old† full of â€Å"frustration† child and the adult seems to be bursting of complications because the kid is quite capricious and the man has to punish him, so that he learns not to do whatever he wants without evaluating the consequences before. But he â€Å"cannot understand, not yet† how his â€Å"easy tears† affect his father who is wishing to â€Å"curb† boy’s sadness. Even though an ogre can punish you, you know that he loves you and that you have to learn the â€Å"lessons† from him, because you know, very deep inside, that ogre is your father. That last sentence can summaries the moral of the poem. This particular poem uses words to make the reader feel he or she is â€Å"seeing† it, or being part of it: â€Å"the quick slap struck†, this last sentence is composed of monosyllabic words that imitate the sound of the hit. Another example of this â€Å"trying the reader to feel part of the poem† is the use of the â€Å"you†; it is a kind of conversation between the writer and the reader. Other images that facilitate this process are made by the use of words or phrases suggesting movement or sound, like â€Å"chopping† and â€Å"scrambling down†. But in this poem is not all about the kid, and his feelings, the other character has a very important role. He has to pretend being something is not; â€Å"behind that mask† there is a man who suffers the situation more that the kid, but he has to be seen as a strict authority, as any parent must. This poem reflects nothing but the truth of an ordinary relationship between any father and his son during the growing and maturing process of the kid; but it does not end there: in the last paragraph, which is also the last line, there is a nine words long sentence emphasized by being left alone, that carries a moral in it: â€Å"you must not make a plaything of the rain†. This is a metaphor that could be translated as: â€Å"you must not cry just because† (the rain represents the tears).

Government Growth in an Age of Improvement Essay

Democratic accountability is supposed to be alive and well in any political system rather than a government ran on â€Å"auto-pilot† at the expense of neglected and so expected taxpayers and rightful citizens. Introduction It should sound ironical that the president should continue to choose cabinet and sub cabinet officers and both the president and the congress continue to remain accountable to the American people through elections and exercise the power of the purse unlike in other democratic countries a great lack of interest in political administration is evident in the United Nations, resulting to deeper strains in American Society at large. The US has never created a high level, government-wide-civil service or a highly skilled and experienced top executive political manpower. The control of government policies is vested in an informal enduring series of â€Å"iron triangles† who are a link between particular program proposed to the relevant executive bureau, congressional committees and interest groups clientele the iron triangles are disastrously incomplete since they hardly understand changes in politics and administration but rather look for the powerful actors with whom to do business (P. 88). The job of presidential appointees in controlling their own actions and managing the bureaucracy are ultimately complicated. The problem arises where politicians, officials and their fellow travelers fail to meet what the public can understand and accept; thus registering large strains of American politics and society. Organized politics are dissolved and organizational life throughout the nation is politicized. Government Growth in an Age of Improvement The late 1950s and entire 1960s witnessed a wave of federal initiatives in health, civil rights, education, housing, manpower, income maintenance, transportation and urban affairs all associated with low government expenditure. Newer types of welfare concerns such as consumer protection, the environment, cancer prevention, energy, etc. have characterized an ambitious, reform minded period and a big government. However, there has been astonishingly little increase in the overall size of the federal executive establishment. Federal employment never grew either in comparison with spending and regulations (P. 89). Higher costs of existing policies are just one explanation of expanding government and stable bureaucracy and has been important in income maintenance programs. Another explanation is lack of administering programs directly to general population but rather act through intermediary organizations such as state governments, city halls, third party payers, consultants, contractors etc. making the contract between the ordinary citizen and a federal bureaucrat quite rare. This promotes the idea of government by remote control. This in essence is advantageous to the federal government builds support for policies, translating otherwise indivisible collective goods into terms suitable for distributive politics (P. 91). Sidestepping the tremendously difficult task of creating a broad national consensus for the governments administered activities is another advantage. This method of policies has led to mushrooming of federal regulations much in common with federal spending – the government can use regulations and tell the public and private bureaucracies what to do. The federal policy makers are left to distribute funds and bear blames when things go wrong. The style of retailing promises of improved policies and wholesaling the administrative headaches connected with delivery has left the people to expect the government to solve problems but not to get in anyone’s way in the process (P. 93). These results to policy pile up. Washington has in the end been put to the worst of both world-blamed for poor delivery by its public customers and besieged with bills from its middlemen. The possibility of both politicizing organizational life and depoliticizing democratic leadership is an area of concern. Since 1950s greatest policy growth was advocated – programs seeking social betterment in terms of civil rights, income, housing, environment, consumer protection etc. otherwise known as welfare policies. The idea of compensation is a theme in the clamor of group politics meaning that the federal government should put things right fits well for the groups that are disadvantaged and special treatment is required for truly equal opportunity to prevail and for those representing the disadvantaged. The government action is required to redress the impact of the selfish private interests. The prevalent feeling in the US that â€Å"there oughtta be policy† and the connotation of getting in on society’s compensations is decidedly positive. New initiatives in federal funding and regulation have infused old and new organizations with public policy dimensions, especially when such groups are used as administrative middlemen (P. 96-97). Expanding welfare policies on indirect administration have encouraged the development of specialized subcultures composed of highly knowledgeable policy makers some of whom have advanced professional degrees and commonly shared detailed understanding of specialized issues (P. 100-101). Employees in the field and in Washington who perform the routine chores associated with direct administration have become less prominent whereas those with necessary technical and supervisory skills have become more important. This in essence, results to expansion of the upper and middle levels of officialdom rather than increase the overall size of the bureaucracy. More technical skills and higher supervisory levels have become a requirement. Stable sets of clear goals in all modern organizations, even non profit oriented are the causes of increasing complexities and specializations affecting leaders. The pressure for more expert staff assistance have become immense for decision makers in governments where policy goals have been neither stable nor clear in the last twenty years and this applies to legislators and public executives (P. 101). Weakness in executive leadership below the level of the president have never really been due to interest groups, party politics or congress, rather the problem lies on the lack of any democratically based power political executives yet their popular mandate to act in the bureaucracy secondhand, from either an elected chief executive in congress political democrats further weaken the scenario. As much as political administrators become close to specialized policy networks the gap between them and the ordinary citizen widens a typical presidential appointee hardly gets time to see or listen to an ordinary member of the public. Only a minority of citizens gets a chance to be moralized in the various networks while those who are not policy activists depend on the ability of the government institutions to work on their behalf (P. 118). Conclusion More communication may need to be involved incase the gap between the policy networks and the bulk of the population is created by information. Policy forensics among the networks yield more experts making more sophisticated claims and counter claims that non-specialists becomes inclined to concede everything and believe nothing that he hears. Many factors and events are linked to these changing public attitudes. The prominence of issue networks is bound to aggravate problems of legitimacy and public disenchantment. The influential systems for knowledgeable policy making tend to make democratic politics difficult (P. 118-119). References Hugo Heclo, 2007 â€Å"Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment. †

Movie Vs Movie Essay - 1206 Words

The movies that I selected are â€Å"The Founder and â€Å"We Were Soldiers†. I wanted to choose movies that illustrated leadership traits within the Army and the commercial sector. I will compare and contrast the two main characters and the movies. The main characters from both movies share some similar leadership styles and personalities but also have very different values and morals. These leaders exercised critical and creative thinking in order to accomplish their goals. As I will illustrate, one leader is one that I would follow into battle (or work for) and the other certainly not. I will start with reviewing the movie â€Å"The Founder† and its main character Raymond â€Å"Ray† Kroc. McDonalds has locations in all 50 states in the United States, more†¦show more content†¦He arrives at the California McDonalds and is introduced to this new concept restaurant. He is immediately impressed and wants to be a part of the business. He meets the owners and gets them to tell their story. The McDonald brothers were originally from New Hampshire and moved to Hollywood California in the late 1920’s. The brothers noticed during the great depression the only person making money was a small stand selling Hotdogs and root beer. Inspired they set up their own small stand that sold hotdogs and orange juice. The business was doing okay but there was not a large enough population to ensure growth. The brothers wanted to relocated their business to San Bernardino but did not have money to buy a new stand. They wanted to move their current stand but w ere unable to because of a bridge between the two towns. The stand would not clear the bridge. Then Dick McDonald came up with the idea of sawing the stand in half to clear the bridge and relocate the stand. Upon relocation, the brothers looked at the current market and decided that their new business would be transformed into a drive-in restaurant. They opened the new business know as â€Å"McDonalds Famous BBQ†. The restaurant had a 27-item menu with carhops who brought your order to your car. Initially the business was doing well but then began to level off. The brothers noticed that the drive-in model was costly and attracted an undesirableShow MoreRelatedThe Hobbit Movie Vs Movie Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough all our heads when we are in English class is, can t we just watch the movie? The answer is no, we can t just watch the movie because the book has many major details that the movie does not include. For our age, reading the book will have a major impact on our life ahead, how we look at the world, and how we look at others. Some of us may be unhappy that we are reading the book and not just watching the movie, but we need to realize, that not only with The Hobb it but with all movies, theyRead MoreDisney Movie Vs Movie Essay1890 Words   |  8 Pageswilled women who has many similarities to the Greek goddess Artemis. She does not want to be married, potentially ever. 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Movie Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿5 Paragraph Essay 1st Paragraph – Introduction paragraph. Last sentence of this paragraph is your thesis statement. 2nd Paragraph – This paragraph defends the first point of your thesis statement. 3rd Paragraph – This paragraph defends the second point of your thesis statement. 4th Paragraph – This paragraph defends the third point of your thesis statement 5th Paragraph – Conclusion paragraph. This paragraph concludes and wraps up your paper and sometimes restates your thesis statementRead MoreGrendel Vs Movie Comparison Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesWhen filmmakers of the 21st century write movie about a book almost every time they are different than the original book. Sometimes they change the book to make it more interesting, modern, or to save money and time. For example they sexualized grendels mothers to make it more interesting and modern. 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Child Abuse Prevention and Foster Care Essay example

Child abuse is the physical or emotional abuse of a child by a parent, guardian, or other person. Reports of child abuse, including sexual abuse, beating, and murder, have jumped in the United States and some authorities believe that the number of cases is largely under reported. Child neglect is also included in legal definitions of child abuse to cover instances of malnutrition, desertion, and inadequate care of a childs safety. When reported, inadequate foster care services and a legal system that has trouble accommodating the suggestible nature of children, who are often developmentally unable to distinguish fact from make-believe, complicate child abuse cases During the years of 1985 and 1996, there was a 50 percent increase in†¦show more content†¦The facts are that each year 160,000 children suffer severe or life-threatening injury and 1,000 to 2,000 children die as a result of abuse. Of these deaths, 80 percent involve children younger than five years of age, and 40 percent involve children younger than one year of age. One out of every 20-murder victim is a child. Murder is the fourth leading cause of death in children from one to four years of age and the third leading cause of death in children from five to fourteen years of age. Deaths from abuse are under reported and some deaths classified as the result of accident and sudden infant death syndrome might be reclassified as the result of child abuse if comprehensive investigations were more routinely done. Most child abuse takes place in the home and is started by persons are know to and trusted by the child. Even though it has been widely publicized, abuse in day-care and foster-care setting accounts for only a small number of confirmed cases of child abuse. In 1996, only two percent of all confirmed cases of child abuse occurred in these settings. Child abuses if fifteen times more likely to occur in families where spousal abuse occurs. Children are three times more likely to be abused by their fathers than by their mothers. No differences have been found in the incidence of child abuse in rural versus urban areas. Following are the types of abuse and theShow MoreRelatedThe Goal Of Foster Care1182 Words   |  5 PagesIntervention The goal of foster care is reunification, which is the overall goal of having children placed in foster care for a brief period until the legal guardian is able to gain back custody of the child. The goal of the agency is to identify the gaps when reuniting children back with family members, and stating resolutions to the problem areas. According to Wulcyzn 2004, â€Å"Although many children who are reunified exit the system within a relatively short period of time, reunification often doRead MoreWe Must Prevent Child Abuse1391 Words   |  6 Pageschildren from abuse and neglect is an ongoing struggle that needs to be more acknowledged. There are many aspects to being a parent and the parental role includes the legal authority to make choices for the child. Along with this control comes the duty to nurture and protect them. Children should have the rights to basic necessities such as a safe place to live and sustenance, as well as the opportunity to go to school. From an emotional standpoint, children should also receive care beyond theseRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act Analysis1042 Words   |  5 Pagesvictims abuse in the United Sates, often times the perpetrators were kin to the victim’s household. Unfortunately, these are people they know and trust who are usually around the child. 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It looks to understand the reasoning behind the idea of this bill, taking a look at the staggering statistics of children within the foster care system, as well as a fundamental understanding of each component within the bill. There has been over 30,000 child increase in the foster care system within the last few years that leaves us to ask a question asked by the

Essay on Geography The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Afghanistan is a country that is mysterious to many outsiders. From the harsh landscape to the traditional social norms shared by its people, Afghanistan continues to mystify the world. The country’s unique location has influenced its history and people, and that of the nations and armies that have tried to conquer it. Like all nations, Afghanistan’s geography, infrastructure, history and people contribute to the overall culture of the country. The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is located in southern Asia. It is a landlocked country. The nations that boarder Afghanistan are Pakistan to the East and South, Iran to the West, and Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan to the North. The country also shares a minor board with China,†¦show more content†¦As of 2004, twelve percent of the country is cultivated, with an additional ten percent used as pastureland for grazing and another five percent has the potential for agricultural activities (â€Å"Afghanistan P rofile† 5). The main crops are opium, wheat and other grains, fruits and nuts, sugar beets and oil seeds. Opium is the most profitable crop, and although officially outlawed, Afghanistan remains the world’s leading producer. The main livestock grown are sheep, goats, camels, poultry, cattle and buffalo. The type of livestock grown is dependent upon the terrain and water available. All products from the animals are used and sheep are especially useful as they provide both animal protein and fat, but also serve as a source of wool. Approximately 80 percent of the population works in some form of agriculture, yet frequently the gross output is not enough to feed the population (â€Å"Afghanistan Profile† 5 and cia.gov). Due to nearly constant internal and external conflict, Afghanistan’s infrastructure is in a constant state of disrepair and rebuilding. The country has limited network of paved roads, with the main artery Highway 1, circling the country. Nearl y two thirds of the country’s population lives within 30 miles of the road (Sieff). Recently, the government of Afghanistan has shown an inability to maintain the roads, due mostly to inexperience and lack of funds. While some of the deterioration happens because ofShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Iran1040 Words   |  5 Pagesas Persia Until 1935 Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile (World Factbook, 2014). The Islamic Republic of Iran is one of those interesting countries that most everyone thinks is solely an enormous desert, but in reality it is a whole lot more than just a desert where nobody lives. Iran is important when it comes to the definition of a culture, physical geography and military conflict history, weatherRead MoreInternational Relations During World War II1344 Words   |  6 Pages Iran Jake Ward Mr. Matteson September 19, 2014 Honors International Relationsâ€Æ' Contents Introduction 3 Early History 3 Recent History 4 Current Conditions 6 Geography 6 Domestic Policy 6 Religion 6 Terrorist Groups 7 Government 8 Political Structure 8 Significant Leaders 8 Economy 8 International Relations 8 The United States 8 (Other Nations†¦) 8 Global Issues with Precedence 8 (Issues†¦) 8 Outlook 8 â€Æ' Introduction Early History Before adopting the name Iran in 1935, the country was known asRead MoreThe Culture Of Iran Is A Major Element Of Cultural Competence1683 Words   |  7 Pagesleading Iran. Throughout the years, Iran was involved in many conflicts while still today holding its own against other countries in the world. Iran is located within the Middle East with the bordering countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Turkey. As early as the period of the Romans, Iran had many types of leaders, conflicts and enemies in the world. Their government structure is similar to most countries such as the United States and Britain. The only difference theyRead MoreIran Between Iran And Iran1623 Words   |  7 PagesAlaska by comparison. Throughout the years, Iran was involved in many conflicts while still today holding its own against other countries in the world. Iran is located within the Middle East with the bordering countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Turkey. As early as the period of the Romans, Iran had many types of leaders, conflicts and enemies in the world. Their government structure is similar to most countr ies such as the United States and Britain. 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This country’s history is so vast some experts say that the relics and artifacts are just a grand as the artifacts from Egypt. â€Å"Lying along important trade routes connecting southern and eastern Asia to Europe and the Middle East, Afghanistan has long been a prize sought by empire builders, and for millennia great armies have attempted toRead MoreThe Islamic Republic Of Iran1617 Words   |  7 PagesAmong the nations of the Middle East, The Islamic Republic of Iran stands as an oddity. It is a nation with a unique history, culture, and national identity. Formally known as Persia, Iran is the only non-Arab nation in the Middle East and the only Shi’ite theocracy in the world. The world’s first empire sprang out of Iran and spread from Egypt and Greece in the west to modern cultural identity day India in the East. 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We learn culture from families, peers, institutions, and media. The process of learning culture is known as enculturation. While all humans have basic biological needs such as food, sleep, and sex, the wayRead MoreCharacteristics Of Culture Of Pakistan1212 Words   |  5 Pagesor history†. The culture of Pakistan is as unique as it is ancient. Located in the continent of Asia and bordered by Iran to the west, Afghanistan to the northwest, China to the north, India to the east and south, and the Arabian Sea to the south Pakistan covers 881,889 square kilometers (Burki Ziring, 2016). The World Factbook divides the geography of Pakistan into three areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain in the center and east, and the Balochisten Plateau in the south

The Five Stages of Team Development free essay sample

1. Background theory The theory of Tuckman (1965) ‘five stages of team development’ is based on the process of a group coming together, getting to know each other, developing a group dynamic and after all working together as a whole team where everyone benefits from each other. The five stages start with  ´forming ´, this stage means the very first moment the team meets each other, so at this moment they have not met each other and they have no expectations of each other but rather they are there to learn about each other, like Gina Abudi (2010) says in her case study they are  ´feeling each other out ´. Moreover in the second stage  ´storming ´, the team already knows each other however they still need to compete for their status. They have already began to work together but they are still finding each other ´s place in the group. At this moment the role of the team leader is essential as he/she needs to control the situation and make sure that everyone feels accepted, equal a nd understood. We will write a custom essay sample on The Five Stages of Team Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the third stage  ´norming ´, the team starts to work as a group already. They are not competing with each other but now the goal is clearer for them and every person in the team wants to reach it as effectively as possible, therefore the team is co-operating a lot and looking for cohesion. Furthermore in the fourth stage  ´performing ´, the group is functioning perfectly and no disruptions are happening. There is a golden path everyone follows and all the work and co-operation is done smoothly with trust and respect. At this moment, if there is a problem/conflict there is no need for the team leader to get involved, the group will solve it by themselves. Lastly, the fifth stage  ´adjourning ´, is the last stage when everyone is evaluating themselves and each other. They start to feel the belonging however they know that everyone will go their own ways. At this moment every team member would decide for themselves who they would want to work with in the future. At the last stage a goodbye party is often held by the team leader where everyone can eva luate the project together and have fun. Scenario I have chosen to use the case study for my scenario analysis. I have assumed that Mohammed has continued on non-communication at the 3rd  ´norming ´ stage.  This has created a lot of frustration among the whole team and the team leader, Sandra, has decided to quit her job as she could not handle the situation anymore. So now the team is with Peter, Sarah, Mohammed, Donna and Ameya. They all know each other ´s skills but are not progressing as Mohammed is not co-operating, which means that they have fallen back to the storming stage where they are competing with each other on who would be the next team leader. Peter, with the most experience stands up and starts to control the team. However the rest of the group think that Mohammed should still communicate more and even Peter is not able to get a hold of him. They are still stuck on the same stage. Moreover by voting they have decided to get a new team leader in order to proceed in this project effectively, even though it means that they would start from the beginning  ´forming ´ stage as there would be a new person coming in, they still think that it is worthwhile risking, as there is a big need for a strong team leader. After all they have fallen back one step again, dropping from the norming stage they are back to the forming stage with a new leader. However at this point, as fast as they have got to known their team leader and she has got to known them and the issues in the team have been announced to her, they can jump back to the norming stage as no competing is required anymore. From this point on, the new team leader has everything under control and she is paying extra attention to Mohammed ´s interaction with the rest of the group. Slowly they start to develop a good team which can rely on each other and even Mohammed has got his feet on the ground. The performing stage is rather a big improvement from what they were and in the adjourning phase they have a lot to evaluate as a group. After all they all seemed to have good time, and the new team leader brought in a lot of confidence. Especially for Mohammed the adjourning phase, when he looks back to his actions is a lesson learnt. Even though he has a lot of experience he just reminds himself that he always needs someone else to mind about him in order for him to interact with others. He trusts himself too much with 8 years of experience.

 Verisimilitude of the Narration in The Things They Carried Essay Example

  Verisimilitude of the Narration in The Things They Carried Paper Tim OBrien artistic intention of telling a true war story is to downsize the role of the actual truth and emphasize the importance of the story truth, which gives the true gut feelings. The narrator explains that what is made up is often truer than what actually happened, because it puts a face on faceless events and people. Tim OBrien also adds striking details to the soldiers perception of war so that even though, according to Tim OBrien war is terrifying and grotesque, still some happiness can be found even in simple things. To show how the soldiers coped with the atrocities of war, Tim OBrien showed us the striking details of their imagination which makes even normal situation such as soldiers marching seem pleasurable and real and that is how he manipulates the truth and the level of detail to execute his artistic intention. Also he manipulates truth and the level of detail in such a way as to put the readers imagination at work by not mentioning the whole truth, which was the c ase at the end of Chapter 2, where the readers had to decide what Tim OBrien meant by, No I wont[pg 30]. A quote such as, this is true[pg 67],which starts the chapter, How to Tell a True War Story shows how cleverly Tim OBrien shows the relative meaning of truth, he says that it is true, but then later on in the chapter he goes on to say in a true war story nothing is absolutely true. He obscures the meaning of truth so that the readers do not worry, whether it happened or not, Absolute occurrence is irrelevant [pg83], instead they should feel the essence of the truth. The essence of the truth according to OBrien is that there are no morals in a war story and that a true war story has absolute allegiance to obscenity, evil and death. At the same time war fascinates Tim OBrien. The following contradictory statements clearly prove that Tim OBrien thinks that war is something you cannot generalize and each war story is unique and gives you a true gut feeling that cannot be explained, War is nasty; War is funwar is grotesquebut in truth war is also beauty[pg 80]. The previous quotes mirror the Greek term catharsis. Catharsis, in the simplest of words means happiness from tragedy, and this concept is essential for Tim OBrien to show the soldiers inability to cope with war and how they need to make up stories or fantasies which keeps there mind off the war. We will write a custom essay sample on   Verisimilitude of the Narration in The Things They Carried specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on   Verisimilitude of the Narration in The Things They Carried specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on   Verisimilitude of the Narration in The Things They Carried specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is the one of the reasons why Tim OBrien obscures the idea of truth and gives the importance to story truth.Tim OBrien does not want to make it seem like a story of courage and bravery and that is why he focuses on the atrocities of war and how the soldiers cope with them in their own ways. The striking details in quotes such as tracer rounds unwinding through the dark like brilliant red ribbons [pg 80], you crouch in ambush as a cool impassive moon rises over the nighttime paddies [pg80] and you admire the fluid symmetries of troop son the move [pg80] show how Tim OBrien chooses to see the happiness and the bright side of things even though the setting is in a war and he states himself that war is hell [pg80]. The artistic intent here is to make the soldiers fantasize and only focus only on the tiny distractions [such as the cool impassive moon, brilliant red ribbons and fluid symmetries of troops] but at the same time he does not want to make it seem like a story or a dream an d that is why he uses striking details here to successfully achieve verisimilitude. In Chapter 2, Love, Tim OBrien leaves things up to the readers imagination by not telling the whole truth when jimmy cross says Dont mention anything about - and Tim OBrien answers no, I wont [page 30]. Here the readers cannot be certain about what Tim OBrien is referring to as he does not provide enough detail. The distinction between truth and fiction does not mean much to OBrien; feelings behind the story give the narrative its purpose. Therefore, whether or not OBrien betrayed Cross is irrelevant when compared to the impact of Crosss feelings of guilt how even 20 years after he carries the guilt of loving Martha more than his own men, which caused the death of ted lavender. It is Tim OBriens artistic intention to not tell all the truth. Therefore at the end of this chapter, the reader is left thinking what Tim OBrien is referring to when he says No I wont[pg30], Is he referring to Jimmy Cross guilt of having abandoned his men, or to the fact that Martha might have been a victim of rape or to the fact that Martha might be homosexual. It does not matter what he referring to or whether he betrayed jimmy cross or not. Tim OBrien had succeeded in this artistic intention, the moment he got the readers thinking about the feasible ending to chapter 2. Thus Tim OBriens artistic intention was to provide very little fact or striking details so that the readers are left thinking about the possible endings to the chapter and the fate of Jimmy Cross. Tim OBrien has achieved his goal [of having the readers use their imagination] exceedingly well and all the readers are left thinking about the fate of Jimmy Cross and this love for Martha and his men. In the chapter Good Form, the narrator explains that what is made up is often truer than what actually happened, because it puts a face on faceless events and people. It gives specificity to general events. Tim saw many people die, though he was afraid to ever really look at any of them. Centering all his guilt and grief on one man, the dead Vietnamese man in the chapter, The Man I killed, allows Tim to explain his feelings in a way that would not be possible without these made up details. Examples of the details are, He was a slim, dead, almost dainty man of about twenty and His jaw was in his throat. His one eye was shut, the other eye was a star-shaped hole [pg 180]. Tim OBriens artistic intention here is very clear, he wants to show that the actual truth of a story comes from the feeling it gives, and Tim OBrien wants to show that the story of Tim OBrien having killed the man is truer than the happening truth or the actual events, which is that Tim OBrien did not kill that man. T im OBrien wants to show that the sometimes the story truth is truer than the happening truth and to do this he adds realistic details to the story of him having killed the man in My Khe. Therefore Tim OBrien fulfills his artistic intention and does achieve verisimilitude. In conclusion Tim OBrien has manipulated truth, the meaning of truth and the decree of truth told very well in order to show how soldiers are unable to cope with war and need to fantasize or get distracted from the war. Tim OBrien also shows, successfully why sometimes, the story truth would have a greater impact on a reader rather than the happening truth as it gives a firsthand experience of the war and evokes the gut feeling. Also Tim OBrien varies and maintains a low level of detail so that the readers are constantly guessing and he brings into play the readers imagination and causes the reader to think about the fate of Jimmy Cross and Martha.